TUGAS 1 SOFTSKILL 2. PAST TENSE

PAST TENSE

Definisi past tense adalah menyatakan peristiwa yang telah lampau. Lampau disini tak harus sudah sangat lama, yang penting sudah berlalu, sudah lewat. Mungkin kemarin, satu jam lalu, 2 tahun lalu, 2 abad yang lalu, dsb. Semua itu sudah “past”. Itulah penekanannya.

            1.      Simple Past Tense

            2.      Past Continous Tense

            3.      Past Perfect Tense

            4.      Past Perfect Continous Tense

1.      Simple Past Tense

Simple Past Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau kegiatan yang terjadi dimasa lampau dan waktu terjadinya persitiwa itu telah diketahui.

• Pattern :

(+)  Subject + was/were + complement (pelengkap)

Subject + Verb II + Object

(-)    Subject + to be (was/were) + not + complement

Subject + did not + Verb I + Object

(?) Did + Subject + Verb I + Object + ?

Examples :

1.                       (+) My Father bought this car last year

(-)My father didn't bought this car last year

(?)Did my father buy this car last year?

2.                       (+) They went to Tokyo last month

(-)They didn't go to Tokyo last month

(?)Did they go to Tokyo last month?

3.                       (+)She went home two minutes ago

(-)She did not go home two minutes ago

(?)When did she go home?

4.                       (+)I finished my homework two days ago

(-)I didn’t finish my homework two days ago.

(?)Did you finish your homework two days ago?

5.                       (+)We went to Surabaya

(-)We didn't go to Surabaya.

(?)Did we go to Surabaya?

6.                       (+)You lived in Japan

(-)You didn't live in Japan

(?)Did you live in Japan?

7.                       (+)They stayed at the Vivaldi Hotel

(-)They didn't stay at the Vivaldi Hotel

(?)Did they stay at the Vivaldi Hotel?

8.                       (+)Rani went to Borobudur Yesterday

(-)Rani did not go to borobudur Yesterday

(?)Did Rany go to borobudur Yesterday ?

9.                       (+)Rani Killed Desy Last Night

(-)Rani did not Kill Desy Last Night

(?)did Rani Kill Desy Last Night ?

10.                   (+)You called me yesterday.

(-)You didn’t call me yesterday.

(?)Why did you call me yesterday?

2.      Past Continous Tense

Past Continuous Tense atau PastProgressive Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan dua kejadian yang terjadi pada saat yang bersamaan, tetapi satu kejadian terjadi lebih awal dan masih sedang berlangsung ketika kejadian kedua terjadi.

• Pattern :

(+)   Subject + to be (was/were) + verb-ing + object

(-)    Subject + was/were + not + verb-ing + object

(?)   was/were + subject + verb-ing + object ?

Examples :

1.           (+)She was sleeping when a tief  came in to my house

              (-)She was not sleeping when a tief  came in to my house  

              (?)Was She sleeping when a tief  came in to my house?

2.           (+)The team was running

(-)The team was not running

(?)Was the team running?

3.           (+) He was sleeping when I came

(-) He was not sleeping when I came

(?) Was he sleeping when I came ?

4.           (+) I was working all night yesterday

(-) I was not working all night yesterday

(?) Were you working all night yesterday ?

5.          (+)They were playing football last morning.

(-)They were not playing football last morning.

(?)Were they playing football last morning?

6.          (+)They were washing when I visited them yesterday.

(-)They were not washing when I visited them yesterday.

(?)Were they washing when I visited them yesterday?

7.          (+)I was writing a letter when the bell rang.

(-)I was not writing a letter when the bell rang.

(?)Was I writing a letter when the bell rang?

8.          (+)I was eating when you called me.

(-)I was not eating when you called me.

(?)Was I eating when you called me?

9.          (+)I was reading a newspaper when them visited me.

(-)I was not reading a newspaper when them visited me.

(?)Was I reading a newspaper when them visited me?

10.        (+)They were studying math yesterday.

(-)They were not studying math yesterday.

(?)Were they studying math yesterday?

       3.      Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi telah selesai pada suatu titik di masa lalu sebelum aksi lainnya terjadi. Aksi yang telah selesai dimasa lampau itu dapat terjadi berulang kali maupun hanya sekali. Selain itu, past perfect tense juga dapat digunakan untuk membentuk if conditional tipe 3 dan reported speech. 

• Pattern :

      (+) S + had + Verb-3/past participle

     

      (-) S + had + not + Verb-3/past participle

     

      (?) had + S + Verb-3/past participle

Examples :

1.         (+)My brother had slept

            (-)My brother hadn’t slept

            (?)Had my brother come ?

2.         (+)They had come

            (-)They hadn’t come

            (?)Had they come ?

3.         (+)You had stopped before I did. 

            (-)You hadn't stopped before i did

            (?)Had you stopped before I did?

4.         (+)She had gone to school.

            (-)She had not gone to school.

            (?)had she gone to school?

5.         (+)We had left.

            (-)We had not left.

            (?)had we left?

6.         (+)You had arrived.

            (-)You hasn't arrived.

            (?)Had you arrived? 

7.         (+) They Had eaten dinner.

            (-)They hadn't eaten dinner.

            (?)Had they eaten dinner?

8.         (+)I had eaten when she come.

            (-)I had not eaten when she came.

            (?)Had I eaten when she come?

9.         (+)They had gone to bed by ten o’clock.

            (-)They hadn't gone to bed by ten o'clock.

            (?)when had they gone to bed?

10.       (+)She Had been happy after his father came.

            (-)She hadn't been happy after his father came. 

            (?)Had she been happy after his father came?

  

       4.      Past Perfect Contious Tense

Past perfect continuous tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu aksi (dengan durasi waktu tertentu) telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu.

• Pattern :

(+) S + had + been + V1-ing/present participle

(-) S + had + not + been + V1-ing/present participle

(?) had + S + been + V1-ing/present participle?

Examples :

1.         (+)He had been living in Jakarta about ten years 

            (-)He had not been living in Jakarta about ten years 

            (?)Had He been living in Jakarta about ten years ? 

2.         (+)Lia had been walking

            (-)Lia had not been walking

            (?)Had Lia been walking?

3.         (+)The labors had been demonstrating

            (-)The labors had not been demonstrating

            (?)Had The labors been demonstrating?

4.         (+)They had been playing football.

            (-)They had not been playing football.

            (?)Had they been playing football?

5.         (+)She had been singing

            (-)She had not been singing

            (?)Had she been singing?

6.         (+)John and Merry had been loving each other.

            (-)John and Merry had not been loving each other.

            (?)Had John and Merry had been loving each other?

7.         (+)They had been living here for three years when I came.

            (-)They had not been  living here for three years when I came.

            (?)Had they been living here for three years when I came?

8.         (+)She had been being sick for two days when we went to Jakarta.

            (-)She had not been being sick for two days when we went to Jakarta.

            (?)Had she been being sick for two days when we went to Jakarta?

9.         (+)I had been living in that house for nine years before I moved to where I live now.

            (-)I had not been living in that house for nine years before I moved to where I live now.

            (?)Had I been living in that house for nine years before I moved to where I live now?

10.       (+)He had been marrying her for 19 years when they finally had a baby last month.

            (-)He had not been marrying her for 19 years when they finally had a baby last month.

            (?)Had he been marrying her for 19 years when they finally had a baby last month?

Referensi :

www.belajaringgris.net/simple-past-tense-800.html‎

www.wordsmile.com › Parts of Speech › Verb & Verbal‎

aneasyenglish.blogspot.com › tenses

Past Progressive. http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/tenses/past_progressive.htm.

http://www.instruction.greenriver.edu/esolfac/course_materials/L4/Grammar/Past_Progressive_Study_Sheet.pdf.

 http://seattlecentral.edu/faculty/baron/ESL%20class/WH-

http://www2.gsu.edu/~eslhpb/grammar/lecture_10/wh_questions.html

http://www.rit.edu/ntid/rate/sea/processes/wh/grammatical/types

www.belajaringgris.net/past-perfect-continuous-tense-...

TUGAS 1 SOFTSKILL 1. PRESENT TENSE

PRESENT TENSE

Present Tense Definisi

Dalam bahasa Inggris Present Tense atau Simple Present Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa atau kejadian, kegiatan, aktivitas dan sebagainya yang terjadi saat ini. Present Tense juga digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu Fakta, atau sesuatu yang tejadi berulang-ulang dimasa KINI. Ingat, PRESENT artinya adalah kini, sekarang.

1. Simple Present
2. Present continous
3. Present Perfect
4. Present Perfect Continous

 1. Simple Present Tense 

Simple Present Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau kegiatan yang berlangsung/terjadi pada waktu sekarang dalam bentuk sederhana, kegiatan atau pekerjaan yang dilakukan berulang-ulang, kebiasaan sehari-hari, peristiwa atau perbuatan yang tidak ada kaitannya dengan waktu, dan untuk mengekspresikan kebenaran umum.

• Pattern :  

(+) S + Be (is, am, are) + Object

                              S + Verb1 + object

           

(-) S + do/does + not + verb1 + Object

                             S + be + not + Object

           

(?) Be + S + Object +?

                              Do/does + S + Verb 1 + object +?

Simple Present Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang berulang-ulang atau kebiasaan dan juga untuk menyatakan suatu general truth / kebenaran umum.

examples :

1.         (+)She likes eating out

(-)She doesn’t like eating out

(?)Does she like eating out ?

2.         (+)The children are naughty.

            (-)The children aren’t naughty

            (?)Are the children naughty ?     

3.         (+) I am lazy

(-) I am not lazy

(?) Am I lazy ?

4.       (+) You bring my book

(-) You do not bring my book

(?) Do you bring my book?

5.         (+) My father goes to post office

(-) My father does not go to post office

(?)  Does your father go to post office ?

6.         (+) Dewi and Dian are happily.

(-) Dewi and Dian not happily.

(?) Are They happily?

7.         (+) He is a Doctor.

(-) He is not a Doctor.

(?) Is he a Doctor?

8.         (+) Marcella is a stronger woman.

(-) Marcella is not a stronger woman.

(?) Is Marcella a stronger woman?

9.         (+) They eat breakfast every morning.

(-)  They don't eat breakfast every morning.

(?)  Do they eat breakfast every morning ?

10.      (+) She gets up late every sunday.

(-)  She doesn't get up late every Sunday.

(?) Does she get up late every sunday?

Adverb of time usually use in Simple Present Tense: usually, always, everyday, etc. 

2. Presemt Continous Tense

Present continuous tense atau present progressive tense adalah bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk membicarakan aksi yang sedang berlangsung sekarang (present) atau rencana di masa depan (future). Karena dapat digunakan pada present atau future, tense ini sering diiringi adverb of time untuk memperjelasnya. 

       • Pattern :  

(+) S + Be (Is, am are) + V-ing + C
(-)  S + Be + not (Isn’t, am not, aren’t) + V-ing + C
(?)  Be (Is, am, are) + S + V-ing + C?

Examples :

1.         (+) She is writing a letter now.

(-) She is not writing a letter now.

            (?) Is she writing a letter now?

2.         (+) They are climbing Gede mountain.

            (-)  They are not climbing Gede mountain.

            (?) Are they climbing Gede mountain?

3.         (+) He is reading a story book now.

            (-) He is not reading a story book now.

            (?) Is he reading a story book now?

4.         (+) Naila is walking to school.

            (-) Naila is not walking to school.

            (?) Is Naila walking to school?

5.         (+) I am eating meat ball.

            (-) I am not eating meat ball.

            (?) Am I eating meat ball?

6.         (+)They are playing football.

            (-)They are not playing football.

            (?)Are they playing football ?

7.         (+)He is reading a book.

            (-)He is not reading a book.

            (?)Is he reading a book?

8.         (+)  I am writing a short story

            (-)   I am not writing a short story

            (?)  am I writing a short story?

9.         (+)  you are sleeping

(-)   you are not sleeping

(?)  are you sleeping?

10.       (+)  we are throwing them snow balls

(-)   we are not throwing them snow balls.

(?)  are we throwing them snow balls?

3. Present Perfect Tense

Present perfect tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu aksi atau situasi yang telah dimulai di masa lalu dan telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu atau masih berlanjut sampai sekarang. 

 • Pattern :

(+) S + have/has + Past participle + Object

(-) S + have/has not + Past participle + Object

(?) Have/has + S + Past participle + Object

Examples :

1.         (+)I have finished my work.
            (-) I haven't finished my homework.
            (?)Have I finished my homework?

2.         (+)She has eaten lunch. 
            (-)She has not eaten lunch.
            (?)Has she eaten lunch?

3.         (+) You have seen that movie.
            (-) You haven't seen that movie
            (?)Have you seen that movie?

4.         (+) She has been sick for two days.
            (-) She hasn't been sick for two days
            (?)has she been sick for two days??

5.         (+)They have been busy for one day.
            (-) They have not been busy for one day.
            (?)Have they been busy for one day?

6.         (+) You have been here for two hours
            (-) You haven't been here for two hours
            (?)Have you been here for two hours?

7.         (+) I have watched that movie 3 times.
            (-) I haven't watched that movie 3 times.
            (?)Have I watched that movie 3 times??

8.         (+) You have read the book yet.
            (-) you haven't read the book yet.
            (?)Have you read the book yet?

9.         (+)The rain has stopped.
            (-) The rain hasn’t stopped.
            (?)has the rain stopped?

10.       (+)They have arrived.
            (-) They haven’t arrived.
            (?)have they arrived? 

        4.      Present Perfect Continous Tense

Present perfect continuous tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menyatakan aksi yang telah selesai pada suatu titik di masa lalu atau aksi telah dimulai di masa lalu dan terus berlanjut sampai sekarang. Aksi pada present perfect continuous tense biasanya berdurasi waktu tertentu dan ada relevansinya dengan kondisi sekarang.

  

• Pattern :

(+) S + have/has + been + V1-ing/present participle

(-) S + have/has + not + been + V1-ing/present participle

(?) have/has + S + been + V1-ing/present participle

Examples :

1.        (+) I have been standing here since nine o’clock

           (-) I have not been standing here since nine o’clock

           (?) Have you been standing here since nine o’clok?

2.        (+) They have been playing game for a long time

           (-) They have not been playing game for a long time

           (?) Have they been playing game for a long time?

3.        (+) He has been watching television since eight o’clock

           (-) He has not been watching television since eight o’clok

           (?) Has he been watching television since eight o’clock?

4.        (+) He has been smoking since 2006

           (-) He has not been smoking since 2006.

           (?) Has he been smoking since 2006 ?

5.        (+) Indah has been working since morning.

           (-) Indah has been working since morning.

           (?) Has indah been working since morning ?

6.        (+) Ruslan has been travelling for a week

           (-) Ruslan has not been travelling for a week

           (?) Has ruslan been travelling for a week ?

7.        (+) Febrian has been waiting fizah for two hours

           (-) Febrian has not been waiting fizah for two hours

           (?) Has febrian been waiting fizah for two hours?

8.        (+) Agung has been living in Makassar since 1998

           (-) Agung has not been living in Makassar since 1998

           (?) Has agung been living in Makassar since 1998?

9.        (+) I have been drinking milk for two hours

           (-) I have not been drinking milk for two hours

           (?) Have you been drinking milk for two hours?

10.      (+) She has been reading a novel for one week

           (-) She has not been reading a novel for one week

           (?) Has she been reading a novel for one week ?

Referensi :

bahasainggrisonlines.blogspot.com/2012/12/simple-present-tense.html‎

tensesbahasainggris.com/present-tense‎

www.wordsmile.com › Parts of Speech › Verb & Verbal‎

rosenains.blogspot.com/2011/.../contoh-kalimat-present-perfect-tense