TUGAS 1 SOFTSKILL 2. PAST TENSE

PAST TENSE

Definisi past tense adalah menyatakan peristiwa yang telah lampau. Lampau disini tak harus sudah sangat lama, yang penting sudah berlalu, sudah lewat. Mungkin kemarin, satu jam lalu, 2 tahun lalu, 2 abad yang lalu, dsb. Semua itu sudah “past”. Itulah penekanannya.

            1.      Simple Past Tense

            2.      Past Continous Tense

            3.      Past Perfect Tense

            4.      Past Perfect Continous Tense

1.      Simple Past Tense

Simple Past Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau kegiatan yang terjadi dimasa lampau dan waktu terjadinya persitiwa itu telah diketahui.

• Pattern :

(+)  Subject + was/were + complement (pelengkap)

Subject + Verb II + Object

(-)    Subject + to be (was/were) + not + complement

Subject + did not + Verb I + Object

(?) Did + Subject + Verb I + Object + ?

Examples :

1.                       (+) My Father bought this car last year

(-)My father didn't bought this car last year

(?)Did my father buy this car last year?

2.                       (+) They went to Tokyo last month

(-)They didn't go to Tokyo last month

(?)Did they go to Tokyo last month?

3.                       (+)She went home two minutes ago

(-)She did not go home two minutes ago

(?)When did she go home?

4.                       (+)I finished my homework two days ago

(-)I didn’t finish my homework two days ago.

(?)Did you finish your homework two days ago?

5.                       (+)We went to Surabaya

(-)We didn't go to Surabaya.

(?)Did we go to Surabaya?

6.                       (+)You lived in Japan

(-)You didn't live in Japan

(?)Did you live in Japan?

7.                       (+)They stayed at the Vivaldi Hotel

(-)They didn't stay at the Vivaldi Hotel

(?)Did they stay at the Vivaldi Hotel?

8.                       (+)Rani went to Borobudur Yesterday

(-)Rani did not go to borobudur Yesterday

(?)Did Rany go to borobudur Yesterday ?

9.                       (+)Rani Killed Desy Last Night

(-)Rani did not Kill Desy Last Night

(?)did Rani Kill Desy Last Night ?

10.                   (+)You called me yesterday.

(-)You didn’t call me yesterday.

(?)Why did you call me yesterday?

2.      Past Continous Tense

Past Continuous Tense atau PastProgressive Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan dua kejadian yang terjadi pada saat yang bersamaan, tetapi satu kejadian terjadi lebih awal dan masih sedang berlangsung ketika kejadian kedua terjadi.

• Pattern :

(+)   Subject + to be (was/were) + verb-ing + object

(-)    Subject + was/were + not + verb-ing + object

(?)   was/were + subject + verb-ing + object ?

Examples :

1.           (+)She was sleeping when a tief  came in to my house

              (-)She was not sleeping when a tief  came in to my house  

              (?)Was She sleeping when a tief  came in to my house?

2.           (+)The team was running

(-)The team was not running

(?)Was the team running?

3.           (+) He was sleeping when I came

(-) He was not sleeping when I came

(?) Was he sleeping when I came ?

4.           (+) I was working all night yesterday

(-) I was not working all night yesterday

(?) Were you working all night yesterday ?

5.          (+)They were playing football last morning.

(-)They were not playing football last morning.

(?)Were they playing football last morning?

6.          (+)They were washing when I visited them yesterday.

(-)They were not washing when I visited them yesterday.

(?)Were they washing when I visited them yesterday?

7.          (+)I was writing a letter when the bell rang.

(-)I was not writing a letter when the bell rang.

(?)Was I writing a letter when the bell rang?

8.          (+)I was eating when you called me.

(-)I was not eating when you called me.

(?)Was I eating when you called me?

9.          (+)I was reading a newspaper when them visited me.

(-)I was not reading a newspaper when them visited me.

(?)Was I reading a newspaper when them visited me?

10.        (+)They were studying math yesterday.

(-)They were not studying math yesterday.

(?)Were they studying math yesterday?

       3.      Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi telah selesai pada suatu titik di masa lalu sebelum aksi lainnya terjadi. Aksi yang telah selesai dimasa lampau itu dapat terjadi berulang kali maupun hanya sekali. Selain itu, past perfect tense juga dapat digunakan untuk membentuk if conditional tipe 3 dan reported speech. 

• Pattern :

      (+) S + had + Verb-3/past participle

     

      (-) S + had + not + Verb-3/past participle

     

      (?) had + S + Verb-3/past participle

Examples :

1.         (+)My brother had slept

            (-)My brother hadn’t slept

            (?)Had my brother come ?

2.         (+)They had come

            (-)They hadn’t come

            (?)Had they come ?

3.         (+)You had stopped before I did. 

            (-)You hadn't stopped before i did

            (?)Had you stopped before I did?

4.         (+)She had gone to school.

            (-)She had not gone to school.

            (?)had she gone to school?

5.         (+)We had left.

            (-)We had not left.

            (?)had we left?

6.         (+)You had arrived.

            (-)You hasn't arrived.

            (?)Had you arrived? 

7.         (+) They Had eaten dinner.

            (-)They hadn't eaten dinner.

            (?)Had they eaten dinner?

8.         (+)I had eaten when she come.

            (-)I had not eaten when she came.

            (?)Had I eaten when she come?

9.         (+)They had gone to bed by ten o’clock.

            (-)They hadn't gone to bed by ten o'clock.

            (?)when had they gone to bed?

10.       (+)She Had been happy after his father came.

            (-)She hadn't been happy after his father came. 

            (?)Had she been happy after his father came?

  

       4.      Past Perfect Contious Tense

Past perfect continuous tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu aksi (dengan durasi waktu tertentu) telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu.

• Pattern :

(+) S + had + been + V1-ing/present participle

(-) S + had + not + been + V1-ing/present participle

(?) had + S + been + V1-ing/present participle?

Examples :

1.         (+)He had been living in Jakarta about ten years 

            (-)He had not been living in Jakarta about ten years 

            (?)Had He been living in Jakarta about ten years ? 

2.         (+)Lia had been walking

            (-)Lia had not been walking

            (?)Had Lia been walking?

3.         (+)The labors had been demonstrating

            (-)The labors had not been demonstrating

            (?)Had The labors been demonstrating?

4.         (+)They had been playing football.

            (-)They had not been playing football.

            (?)Had they been playing football?

5.         (+)She had been singing

            (-)She had not been singing

            (?)Had she been singing?

6.         (+)John and Merry had been loving each other.

            (-)John and Merry had not been loving each other.

            (?)Had John and Merry had been loving each other?

7.         (+)They had been living here for three years when I came.

            (-)They had not been  living here for three years when I came.

            (?)Had they been living here for three years when I came?

8.         (+)She had been being sick for two days when we went to Jakarta.

            (-)She had not been being sick for two days when we went to Jakarta.

            (?)Had she been being sick for two days when we went to Jakarta?

9.         (+)I had been living in that house for nine years before I moved to where I live now.

            (-)I had not been living in that house for nine years before I moved to where I live now.

            (?)Had I been living in that house for nine years before I moved to where I live now?

10.       (+)He had been marrying her for 19 years when they finally had a baby last month.

            (-)He had not been marrying her for 19 years when they finally had a baby last month.

            (?)Had he been marrying her for 19 years when they finally had a baby last month?

Referensi :

www.belajaringgris.net/simple-past-tense-800.html‎

www.wordsmile.com › Parts of Speech › Verb & Verbal‎

aneasyenglish.blogspot.com › tenses

Past Progressive. http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/tenses/past_progressive.htm.

http://www.instruction.greenriver.edu/esolfac/course_materials/L4/Grammar/Past_Progressive_Study_Sheet.pdf.

 http://seattlecentral.edu/faculty/baron/ESL%20class/WH-

http://www2.gsu.edu/~eslhpb/grammar/lecture_10/wh_questions.html

http://www.rit.edu/ntid/rate/sea/processes/wh/grammatical/types

www.belajaringgris.net/past-perfect-continuous-tense-...